Perceived Men's Feminization and Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Heterosexual Men’s Reactions to the Decline of the Anti-Femininity Norm of Masculinity
Abstract
One of the central dimensions of traditional masculinity is men’s renunciation of the feminine (i.e., the anti-femininity norm), and men’s endorsement of this norm constitutes one of the strongest predictors of negative attitudes toward homosexuality. However, egalitarian societies are undergoing a significant change: Gendered roles, stereotypes, and norms are evolving. Accordingly, many believe that men are becoming more feminine than before, and this change might have consequential effects. Across two studies conducted in Western countries, we investigated heterosexual men’s reaction to the perceived decline of the anti-femininity norm of masculinity on their attitudes toward homosexuality. The results consistently showed that perceived men’s feminization increased negative attitudes toward homosexuality (Study 1, n = 220), specifically among those participants who most strongly endorsed the anti-femininity norm (Study 2, n = 156). Furthermore, this pattern was driven by participants’ discomfort with homosexuality rather than by their motivation to reinstate the challenged gender dichotomy. We discuss the relevance of these findings for both the gender and sexual prejudice literatures.
Keywords
- Masculinity
- Gender roles
- Gender norms
- Anti-gay prejudice
- Heterosexuality
- Ingroup distinctiveness
Authors
Links
Publication information
Institutions:
Authors:
Juan M. Falomir-Pichastor, Jacques Berent, Joel Anderson
Publisher:
Springer Nature, Sex Roles, volume 81, pp. 208–222
Languages:
English
Media Type:
City:
Heidelberg
Year:
2019
Themes:
Disciplines:
Research labels:
Masculinities
Norms – normativity
Sexual orientation
Subjects:
Social psychology
Projects:
Genres:
Article